Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
Abstract: The failure of drug efficacy in clinical trials remains a big issue in cancer research. This is\nlargely due to the limitations of two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, the most used tool in drug\nscreening. Nowadays, three-dimensional (3D) cultures, including spheroids, are acknowledged\nto be a better model of the in vivo environment, but detailed cell death assays for 3D cultures\n(including those for ferroptosis) are scarce. In this work, we show that a new cell death analysis\nmethod, named 3D Cell Death Assay (3DELTA), can efficiently determine different cell death types\nincluding ferroptosis and quantitatively assess cell death in tumour spheroids. Our method uses\nSytox dyes as a cell death marker and Triton X-100, which efficiently permeabilizes all cells in\nspheroids, was used to establish 100% cell death. After optimization of Sytox concentration, Triton\nX-100 concentration and timing, we showed that the 3DELTA method was able to detect signals from\nall cells without the need to disaggregate spheroids. Moreover, in this work we demonstrated that\n2D experiments cannot be extrapolated to 3D cultures as 3D cultures are less sensitive to cell death\ninduction. In conclusion, 3DELTA is a more cost-effective way to identify and measure cell death\ntype in 3D cultures, including spheroids....
Abstract: New antibacterial treatments against Helicobacter pylori are needed as H. pylori is acquiring\nantibiotic resistance. Beta-caryophyllene is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene, with anti-inflammatory\nand antimicrobial effects. This study investigates the effects of H-002119-00-001 from Beta-caryophyllene on the eradication of H. pylori in a mouse model, and its effects on the inflammation\nof the gastric mucosa. To evaluate the anti-H.pylori efficacy of beta -caryophyllene, a total of 160 mice\nwere divided into eight groups (n = 10 each) and were administered different treatments for 2 and\n4 weeks. H. pylori eradication was assessed using a Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) test and H.\npylori qPCR of the gastric mucosa. The levels of inflammation of gastric mucosa were assessed using\nhistology and immunostaining. H-002119-00-001 decreased bacterial burden in vitro. When H-\n002119-00-001 was administered to mice once daily for 2 weeks, cure rates shown by the CLO test\nwere 40.0%, 60.0%, and 70.0% in groups 6, 7, and 8, respectively. H. pylori levels in gastric mucosa\ndecreased dose-dependently after H-002119-00-001 treatment. H-002119-00-001 also reduced levels\nof inflammation in gastric mucosa. H-002119-00-001 improved inflammation and decreased\nbacterial burden in H. pylori-infected mouse models. H-002119-00-001 is a promising and effective\ntherapeutic agent for the treatment of H. pylori infection....
Abstract: Parkinsonâ??s disease (PD) is one of the common long-term degenerative disorders that\nprimarily affect motor systems. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in individuals with PD\nand often present before motor symptoms. It has been found that gut dysbiosis to PD pathology\nis related to the severity of motor and non-motor symptoms in PD. Probiotics have been reported\nto have the ability to improve the symptoms related to constipation in PD patients. However,\nthe evidence from preclinical or clinical research to verify the beneficial effects of probiotics for\nthe motor functions in PD is still limited. An experimental PD animal model could be helpful in\nexploring the potential therapeutic strategy using probiotics. In the current study, we examined\nwhether daily and long-term administration of probiotics has neuroprotective effects on nigrostriatal\ndopamine neurons and whether it can further alleviate the motor dysfunctions in PD mice. Transgenic\nMitoPark PD mice were chosen for this study and the effects of daily probiotic treatment on gait,\nbeam balance, motor coordination, and the degeneration levels of dopaminergic neurons were\nidentified. From the results, compared with the sham treatment group, we found that the daily\nadministration of probiotics significantly reduced the motor impairments in gait pattern, balance\nfunction, and motor coordination. Immunohistochemically, a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cell\nin the substantia nigra was significantly preserved in the probiotic-treated PD mice. These results\nshowed that long-term administration of probiotics has neuroprotective effects on dopamine neurons\nand further attenuates the deterioration of motor dysfunctions in MitoPark PD mice. Our data further\nhighlighted the promising possibility of the potential use of probiotics, which could be the relevant\napproach for further application on human PD subjects....
Abstract: The pathophysiology of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is associated with chronic\ncerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Increased high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), a nonhistone\nprotein involved in injury and inflammation, has been established in the acute phase of CCH. However,\nthe role of HMGB1 in the chronic phase of CCH remains unclear. We developed a novel animal\nmodel of CCH with a modified bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in C57BL/6\nmice. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) reduction, the expression of HMGB1 and its proinflammatory.................
Abstract: For thousands of years, it has been widely believed that walnut is a kind of nut that has\nbenefits for the human body. Walnut oil, accounting for about 70% of walnut, mainly consists of\npolyunsaturated fatty acids. To investigate the effect of walnut oil on memory impairment in mice,\nscopolamine (3 mg/kg body weight/d) was used to establish the animal model during Morris Water\nMaze (MWM) tests. Walnut oil was administrated orally at 10 mL/kg body weight/d for 8 consecutive\nweeks. The results showed that walnut oil treatment ameliorated the behavior of the memory-impaired\nmice in the MWM test. Additionally, walnut oil obviously inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity....................
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